Elementary particles can be classified into two main families: fermions, which include matter and antimatter particles such as quarks, antiquarks, electrons, and positrons, and bosons, which act as carriers of the fundamental interactions between particles.

The photon is the elementary particle associated with the electromagnetic interaction. It is a massless, electrically neutral boson with integer spin, obeying Bose–Einstein statistics. Photons are the fundamental constituents of light and play a central role in many physical processes involving the emission, propagation, and detection of light.

The experiments presented in this section introduce students to the fundamental properties of photons and to the principles of light detection. Using the CAEN Educational Photon Kit, students can explore photon detection techniques and gain practical experience with the measurement and analysis of light signals.